生理心理学原理 英文 3【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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INTRODUCTION1

1．THE PROBLEM OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY1

2．SURVEY OF THE SUBJECT11

3．PREPSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS16

PART Ⅰ THE BODILY SUBSTRATE OF THE MENTAL LIFE27

CHAPTER THE ORGANIC EVOLUTION OF MENTAL FUNCTION27

1．THE CRITERIA OF MIND AND THE RANGE OF THE MENTAL LIFE27

2．THE DIFFERENTIATION OF MENTAL FUNCTIONS AND OF THEIR PHYSICAL SUBSTRATE33

CHAPTER Ⅱ STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM33

1．MORPHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS39

a．The Nerve Cells40

b．The Nerve Fibres44

c．Peripheral Nerve Terminations47

d．The Neurone Theory48

2．CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS54

CHAPTER Ⅲ PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANICS OF NERVE SUBSTANCE57

1．GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS OF A MECHANICS OF INNERVATION57

a．Methods Of a Mechanics of Innervation57

b．The Principle of the Conservation of Work60

c．Application of the Principle of the Conservation of Work to the Vital Processes and the Nervous System65

2．THE COURSE OF THE PROCESSES OF STIMULATION IN THE NERVE FIBRE67

a．Course of the Muscular Contraction following Stimulation of the Motor Nerve67

b．Excitatory and Inhibitory Processes in Nerve Stimulation70

c．After-effects of Stimulation:Practice and Fatigue75

d．Stimulation of Nerve by the Galvanic Current79

3．THEORY OF NERVOUS EXCITATION80

4．INFLUENCE OF THE CENTRAL PARTS UPON THE PROCESSES OF EXCITATION85

a．Course of the Reflex Excitation85

b．Enhancement of Reflex Excitability88

c．Inhibitions of Reflexes by Interference of Stimuli91

d．Chronic Effects of Excitation and Inhibition:Positive and Negative Tonus93

5．THEORY OF CENTRAL INNERVATION94

a．General Theory of the Molecular Processes in the Nerve Cell94

b．Relation of Nervous to Psychical Processes101

CHAPTER Ⅳ MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL ORGANS101

1．GENERAL SURVEY104

a．Object of the Following Exposition104

b．The Neural Tube and the Three Main Divisions of the Brain106

c．The Brain Ventricles and the Differentiation of the Parts of the Brain109

2．THE MYEL IN THE HIGHER VERTEBRATES114

3．THE OBLONGATA118

4．THE CEREBELLUM121

5．THE MESENCEPHALON123

6．THE DIENCEPHALON124

7．THE PROSENCEPHALON126

a．The Brain Cavities and the Surrounding Parts126

b．Fornix and Commissural System132

c．The Development of the Outward Conformation of the Brain137

CHAPTER Ⅴ COURSE OF THE PATHS OF NERVOUS CONDUCTION150

1．GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONDUCTION150

2．METHODS OF INVESTIGATING THE CONDUCTION PATHS152

3．CONDUCTION IN THE NERVES AND IN THE MYEL155

a．Origin and Distribution of the Nerves155

b．Physiology of the Conduction-Paths of the Myel159

c．Anatomical Results163

4．PATHS OF CONDUCTION IN OBLONGATA AND CEREBELLUM167

a．General characteristics of these Paths167

b．Continuations of the Motor and Sensory Paths168

c．The Regions of Origin of the Cranial Nerves and the Nidi of Cinerea in the Oblongata170

d．Paths of Conduction in Pons and Cerebellum172

5．CEREBRAL GANGLIA AND CONDUCTION PATHS OF THE HIGHER SENSORY NERVES178

a．The Cerebral Ganglia178

b．Conduction Paths of the Nerves of Taste and Smell179

c．Conduction Patks of the Acoustic Nerve182

d．Conduction Paths of the Optic Nerve185

6．PATHS OF MOTOR AND SENSORY CONDUCTION TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX190

a．General Methods for the Demonstration of the Cortical Centres190

b．Motor and Sensory Cortical Centres in the Brain of the Dog193

c．Motor and Sensory Cortical Areas in the Monkey198

d．Motor and Sensory Cortical Centres in Man204

7．ASSOCIATION SYSTEMS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX213

8．STRUCTURE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX218

9．GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCESSES OF CENTRAL CONDUCTION225

a．The Principle of Manifold Representation225

b．The Principle of the Ascending Complication of Conduction Paths226

c．The Principle of the Differentiation of Directions of Conduction227

d．The Principle of the Central Colligation of Remote Functional Areas:Theory of Decussations229

CHAPTER Ⅵ PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THE CENTRAL PARTS229

1．METHODS OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS241

2．REFLEX FUNCTIONS242

a．Spinal Reflexes242

b．Metencephalic and Mesencephalic Reflexes244

c．Purposiveness of the Reflexes.Extent of Reflex Phenomena250

3．AUTOMATIC EXCITATIONS253

a．Automatic Excitations in Myel and Oblongata253

b．Automatic Excitations in the Brain Cortex256

4．FUNCTIONS OF THE MESENCEPHALON AND DIENCEPHALON258

a．Functions of the Mesencephalon and Diencephalon in the Lower Vertebrates258

b．Functions of the Mesencephalon and Diencephalon in Man269

c．Striatum and Lenticula270

5．FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBELLUM271

6．FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES280

a．Phenomena of Abrogation after Partial Destruction of the Prosen-cephalon280

b．Phenomena of Abrogation after Total Loss of the Cerebral Hemispheres283

c．Results from Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology285

The Hypotheses of Localisation and their Opponents;the Old and the New Pbrenologies287

7．ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE PSYCHOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX CEREBRAL FUNCTIONS298

a．The Visual Centres298

b．The Speech Centres302

c．The Apperception Centre315

8．GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CENTRAL FUNCTIONS320

a．The Principle of Connexion of Elements320

b．The Principle of Original Indifference of Functions322

c．The Principle of Practice and Adaptation324

d．The Principle of Vicarious Function325

s．The Principle of Relative Localisation328

INDEX OF SUBJECTS333

INDEX OF NAMES345